
When I was in my early teens, I remember an evening when I watched
and listened with amazement as one of my friends improvised lead
passages to "Hey Joe" in the style of Jimi Hendrix. Like the
Energizer Bunny, he kept "going and going," refrain after refrain,
each time adding something different, something new, something
fresh, something unique--all the while making it look so easy. He
even looked like he was a bit bored as those wonderful lead guitar
passages came forth! In later years I became enamored with
bluegrass music and I witnessed bluegrass guitarists doing the same
thing when it was their turn to take fast-paced lead breaks. Each
time around they did something completely different, sometimes on
the low strings, sometimes on the high strings.
It seemed like another world existed--a world beyond my
comprehension--a world where guitarists could, on their feet, at
any time, create new, rapid-fire music that would be perfectly
suited to fit the structure in which they were called on to
improvise. Were they actually creating new music on the spot, or
were they playing music they had already rehearsed? The answer is
that they were doing both: They were creating new music from
"building blocks" they had rehearsed time and time again. They
were, in rapid sequence, placing those building blocks where they
knew they would fit. What are these building blocks? Scales and
licks.
In music, a scale is an ascending or descending series of notes or
pitches. The pitches of the notes in any particular scale are
usually related by a mathematical rule. According to classical
guitarist Jamey Andreas (guitarprinciples.com), "The really
important thing about any scale is the SPACE between the notes, and
by space, I mean the space in terms of PITCH. It is the distance in
pitch between two notes that contains the EMOTIONAL CONTENT of
music."
There are different types of scales, based on the distances between
the pitches they contain. A G major scale will sound similar to D
major scale or an A major scale. Major scales all convey the same
"feeling," because they have the same pattern of spaces, or
intervals, in between each of their notes. I think of major scales
as being "happy" scales. Minor scales are spaced differently than
major scales, and the emotion they convey is what I would call
"sad," or subdued.
Andrés Segovia, the father of the modern classical guitar movement,
wrote, "...the study of scales will solve a greater number of
technical problems in a shorter amount of time than the study of
any other technical exercise." One of the best things the beginning
or intermediate level guitarist of any genre can do is to begin
learning to play basic scales in each key.
A lick is quite different from a scale. A lick is any phrase of
notes which is memorized so it can be applied in improvisation.
Andrew DuBrock, on acousticguitar.com, explains: "A lick is a
short, formulaic phrase generally used in improvised solos."
DuBrock expounds, "Many players string these licks together,
letting their fingers remember what to do next. They instill their
own personality in the solo in the way they play the lick or in the
moments between the licks, as well as in the melodies they pull out
of their head."
I remember a recording in which jazz saxophone player Eric Kloss
worked the phrase from the jingle "Things go better with Coke" into
one of his sax solos. That's an example of a lick. I play a lot of
old-time fiddle tunes on the guitar, so when I improvise a lead
break I often work in licks that are short phrases from the fiddle
tunes I've learned.
Do you want to create great lead breaks and be comfortable
improvising in any and every situation? Acquire the building
blocks: scales and licks. Get them ingrained so thoroughly in your
mind that your fingers know where to go without asking you.
Click Here for a Great Resource for Learning SCALES!
Click Here for a Great Resource for Learning LICKS!